Real-time optimization to enhance noninvasive cortical excitability assessment in the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

OBJECTIVE: We currently lack a robust noninvasive method to measure prefrontal excitability in humans. Concurrent TMS and EEG in the prefrontal cortex is usually confounded by artifacts. Here we asked if real-time optimization could reduce artifacts and enhance a TMS-EEG measure of left prefrontal excitability.